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Alexandria is the second capital of Egypt and was its ancient capital, it is the capital and largest city of Alexandria Governorate, located on the Mediterranean coast about 55 km northwest of the Nile Delta, on an area of 2523 km², bordered to the north by the Mediterranean Sea, to the south by the Beheira Governorate and Lake Mariout until kilo 71 on the Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, to the east by the Beheira Governorate and Abu Qir Bay, to the west by kilo 36.30 on the International Coastal Road, and Borg El Arab Center.
The city of Alexandria includes many distinctive landmarks, as it has Egypt's largest seaport, the Port of Alexandria, through which about 60% of the total Egyptian imports and exports pass, and also includes the New Library of Alexandria, which contains more than eight million books and receives about 1.5 million visitors annually, as well as many museums such as the Alexandria National Museum and the Greco-Roman Museum, and archaeological sites such as Qaitbay Fortress and Sawari Pillar, The population of Alexandria on July 1, 2017 was about 5039975 people, working in various economic activities, and is divided into nine administrative neighborhoods, which are: First Montazah, Second Montazah, East, Central, West, El Gomrok, El Ajami, First El Amriya, and Second El Amriya.
The construction of Alexandria began by Alexander the Great in 331 BC, by filling in a part of the water separating an island off the main coast called “Pharos” with an ancient port, and a small village called “Ractus” or “Ragouda”, surrounded by other small villages also spread between the sea and Lake Mariout, and Alexander the Great and his successors made it the capital of Egypt for nearly a thousand years, until the Islamic conquest of Egypt by Amr ibn al-Aas in the year